Foula Fungi

Hygrocybe berkeleyi (P. Orton) P. Orton & Watl.
In coastal grasslands in hygrophorus-rich communities throughout Shetland including Fetlar, Out Skerries, Foula, Mousa and Whalsay.

H. coccineocrenata (P. Orton) Moser
Found in wet boggy hollows and wet places often with Sphagnum; recorded from all major areas of Mainland, Unst and Yell in addition to East Burra, Papa Stour, Fetlar and Foula.

H. coccinea (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer
Very common throughout all the islands, including Fair Is., Fetlar and Out Skerries, in relatively base-rich grasslands, recorded by Dennis & Gray (1954). A collection from Foula with little field data probably refers here also.

H. conica (Scop.: Fr.) Kummer
Common and widespread in grasslands of all kinds including dunes. Known from all islands including Fair Isle & Foula.

H. flavescens (Kauffman) Singer
Very Common and often intermixed with H. chlorophana (Fr.:Fr.) Winsche q.v. Known from all major areas of Shetland including Out Skerries, Fair Isle & Fetlar, Foula in addition to Whalsay, East and West Burra, Trondra, St. Ninians, Muckle Roe, Noss etc. Occurs in relatively base rich grasslands or grassy areas by roadsides etc.

H. lacma (Fr.) P. Orton & Watl.
Foula; located in dried material collected by RJT.

H. laeta (Pers.: Fr.) Karsten
Very common throughout Shetland and recorded from all major areas including Fair Is. and Foula. Probably prefers non-manured and slightly acidic grassland

H. lepida Arnolds
Widespread in rough or unmanaged, often slightly acidic grasslands. Recorded in the early part of the year from Fetlar, Foula & Hascosay, Mainland, Unst & Yell.

H. marchii Bres.
Widespread and found in most major areas including East Burra, Fetlar, Noss, Muckle Roe and St. Ninians as well as Mainland, Yell and Unst, but never in large troops. Probably prefers neutral, non-manured grassland.

H. pratensis (Pers.: Fr.) Munill
Very common throughout Shetland in base-rich to fairly base-rich grazed pastures. So far known from all islands in the archipelago.

H. psittacina (Schaeff.: Fr.) Wunsche
Very common throughout Shetland in base-rich to fairly base-rich grazed pastures. So far known from all islands in the archipelago.

H. quieta (Kiihner) Singer
Common throughout Shetland in fairly base rich to base rich grassland, including East Burra, Fair Isle, Fetlar, Mousa, Papa Stour, Out Skerries, etc.

H. real R. Maire
Known from all major areas of Shetland including Out Skerries, Whalsay, Muckle Roe etc. in poor grazing land to treated hill-pasture.

H. russocoriacea (Berk. & Miller) P. Orton & Watl.
Common in some years and in some localities often in huge troops, often in more disturbed grassland. Known from all major areas of Shetland including Foula, Out Skerries and Fair Isle.

H. strangulata (P. Orton) Svrcek
In slightly acidic rough pasture, Bressay & Foula

H. turunda (Fr.: Fr.) Karsten
Fairly widespread in Shetland on peaty soils and hill pasture.

H. unguinosa (Fr.) Karsten
Common and widespread in Shetland; known from all major areas of the archipelago including East Burra, Fair Isle, Fetlar, Hascosay, Mousa and Out Skerries. Not yet recorded from Foula but probably there.

H. virginea (Wulfen: Fr.) P. Orton & Watl.
This agaric is widespread in fairly rich grassland, dune grassland and cliff-tops, and has been found in troops in all major areas of Shetland, including Fair Isle, Fetlar, Foula, Out Skerries and St. Ninians.

TRICHOLOMATACEAE

Calocybe carnea (Bull.: Fr.) Donk
Very common in maritime grasslands from all major areas including Fair Isle, Foula and Out Skerries. Material from Foula and Eshaness, Mainland accompanied an agaric resembling the closely related C. persicolor (Fr.) Singer.

C. aff. lituus (Fr.) Metrod
Foula. 2-spored, basidiospores 4.5-6 x 2.6-3.5um. No field data.

C. dryophila
Common throughout Shetland including Foula, Muckle Roe, Fair Isle, usually in moorland communities.

C. longisporum (Kiihner) Heinem. & Thoen
Foula. Distinguished from C. amianthinum by its longer basidiospores, wine-coloured tinge to stipe and abundant production of arthroconidia. Probably commoner than single record suggests.

Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca
In healthy pastures, peat banks and margins of plantations on Mainland, Yell, Unst, also recorded from East Burra, Fair Isle and Foula. Often in huge troops (an estimated 3,000 basidiomes at one site on Yell.

Laccaria laccata
In plantations and gardens on Mainland; also with Salix repens Bressay and S. herbacea, Foula, Mid- & Rogafields. Distribution restricted to that of woody vascular plants and therefore not as widespread as in Mainland Britain.

L. proximo
Various localities on Mainland but always with plantation trees; widespread. Also recorded from Foula and Northmavine.

L. proximella Singer
With Salix herbacea, Rogafield, Mainland and with S. repens, Bressay and Foula.

L. nuda
In rings in cliff-pasture and by road-side workings. From at least two sites on Mainland and recorded from Unst, Fair Isle and Foula.

L. pseudoecrypa (M. Lange) Gulden
Maritime grassland, Foula.

Mycena aetites
Several sites in acid heath and in Calluna/grasslands on Mainland, including Roga- and Midfields; also recorded for Foula.

M. epipterygia
Common throughout Shetland, including islands. Recorded from Fair Isle, Foula and Hascosay. In acid grassland and heath.

M. fibula
Quite common in grassland on Mainland and Yell; also recorded from East Burra, Foula, Noss, Papa Stour and Mousa.

M .filopes
In conifer plantations, Voxter, Kergord and the Strand, all Mainland; willow plantation, Otterswick, Yell and among Luzula, Foula.

M. leptocephala
Very common in grassland, heathland communities throughout archipelago including Foula, Mousa, Bressay, East Burra etc.

M. sanguinolenta
In grassland, margins of plantations etc. throughout Mainland, Unst and Yell; also known from East Burra, Fetlar and Foula.

M. swanzii
Recorded from Foula and three sites on Mainland viz. Toft, Sandvoe and Nesting. This is now known as Rickenella setipes (Fr.) Raithelh.

Omphalina cupulatoides P. Orion
On lichen material (old Peltigera) Foula.

O. ericetorum
Very common throughout the archipelago on Mainland and all the major and smaller islands, usually associated with Botrydina from sea-level to Rogafield.

O. hudsoniana (Jenn.) Bigelow
With Coriscium viride in alpine and montane communities. Common on Mid- and Rogafield and Sandness Hill; also recorded from Fair Is. (Ward Hill) and Foula (Sneug) and Voxter & Gletness, Mainland. This is probably better known as O. luteolilacina Favre ex Hend. Strangely found at low altitudes at Voxter and Sandwater and on maritime cliffs at Gletness, all Mainland.

O. luteovitellina
With Botrydina viridis, in montane communities, Roga- and Midfields, Scroo Hill (M. Richardson) as well as on sodden peat at Gutcher and Windhouse, Yell, and Nesting, Mainland, Fair Isle and Foula.

O. oniscus
In wet Sphagnum/mossy areas. Fetlar, Noss, Foula and Mainland including Nesting and Rogafield and Yell.

O. pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) Fr. s. Moeller
Common especially on peaty soils usually (if not always) associated with Botrydina. Known from all the major areas of Shetland including Foula.

Tephrocybe palustris (Peck) Donk
Extremely common in Spagnum throughout the main area of Shetland including the smaller islands.

T. tesquorum (Fr.) Moser
Foula and Out Skerries; site of old fire by roadside, Bouster, Yell, and on "bird-lawn" Sneug, Foula.

Entoloma ameides
In heathy grassland communities, and in Salix herbacea heath, Rogafield, Mainland, Fetlar and Foula.

E. fuscomarginatum
In Sphagnum, with heathy grassland etc. Widespread throughout Shetland including Hascosay, Bressay, Unst and Foula.

Leptonia serrulata
In heathy and grazed pastures; above Kergord House, Gletness both Mainland; also recorded from Foula, West Sandwick and Kirk Loch, Yell and Ordale, Unst.

Nolanea cetrata
In plantation, Voxter, Mainland and moorland, Foula.

N. conferenda (Britz.) Sacc.
Extremely common in artificial and natural grasslands of all kinds; from June onwards in all major areas of Shetland including Fair Isle, Out Skerries, Noss, Papa Stour, Fetlar, Foula, Hascosay and Muckle Roe. Also on Roga- and Midfields.

N. juncina
In wet, mossy pastures from island communities (Bressay) and Foula to heath pasture at altitude (Rogafield).

N. papillata
In grazed pastures throughout Mainland and on Foula and Unst.

N. sericea
In grazed grasslands of all kinds; very common from June onwards. Recorded from Fair Isle, Foula, etc.

BOLBITIACEAE

Conocybe kuehneriana Singer
In grassy areas usually near human habitation. Croft of Asta and Gott, Mainland, Foula and Out Skerries.

C. tenera agg.
Foula; amongst material sent for examination. A "catch all" taxon for a whole series of small, brown agarics with a cellular cap-cuticle.

COPRINACEAE

Coprinus comatus
Common and widespread in Shetland on highly disturbed areas by human habitation; also on Fair Isle and Foula

C. cordisporus
On dung, West Sandwick, Yell and Muckle Roe. Also a large-spored form recorded from Gletness, Mainland and Foula.

C. ephemeroides
On dung, Eshaness and Grommo, Mainland, and Foula.

C. miser
On dung, Kergord, Spiggie both Mainland and also Fetlar, Foula, Papa Stour and Whalsay.

C. pellucidus
On dung, Foula.

C. plicatilis
Common in grasslands throughout major areas of Shetland as it is throughout British Isles. Recorded in addition from East Burra, Fetlar, St. Ninians Isle, Mousa, etc.

C. stercoreus
On dung, Fetlar and Foula.

Panaelous ater
Common in grazed pastures etc., throughout main areas of Mainland, including Walls, West Burra, Scatness and Gott. Also recorded from Foula, Keens of Hamar, St Ninians Is, West Burra and Unst.

P. acuminatus
Collections agreeing with the taxon as outlined by Hora (1957) were made at Skelberry, Fethaland, Scatness, Greenton, all Mainland, and Foula and Mousa.

P.foenisecii
Common and widespread in better pastures throughout major areas of Shetland including Fair Isle, Fetlar, Noss, Papa Stour, Foula, Muckle Roe, St Ninians and Whalsay.

P. rickenii
Common and widespread in better pastures throughout major areas of Shetland including Out Skerries, St Ninians, Foula and Bressay. Common throughout British Isles but confused with P. acuminatus q.v.

P. semiovatus
Common and widespread on dung throughout Shetland including Fetlar, Foula, Whalsay etc.

AGARICACEAE

Agaricus arvensis
Widespread in pastures throughout the major areas of Shetland including the small islands from June onwards. Ranges from Out Skerries in the east to Fair Isle in the south.

A. campestris
Widespread and common in better or improved grasslands throughout major areas of Shetland including islands.

A. depauperatus (Moeller) Pilat
In pasture with Salix repens, Gletness, Mainland & Fetlar. A rather over mature specimen from Foula may be this taxon but the basidiospores are slightly larger and the cheilocystidia more clavate.

A. fissuratus (Moeller) Moeller
Maritime grassland throughout Mainland, Shetland and Unst. Also Fair Isle and Foula.

A. macrosporus
Widespread in pastures often accompanied by A. arvensis from which it differs in the larger basidiospores. Found in all major areas of Shetland including Fair Isle, Fetlar, Hascosay, Out Skerries, Papa Stour, Mousa etc.

STROPHARIACEAE

Hypholoma elongation
Common in Boggy areas, throughout Shetland including Bressay, Fair Isle, Foula, Fetlar and Whalsay.

H. ericaeum
On peaty soil, Fair Isle, Foula and North Roe.

H. ericaeoides
Boggy areas in all major areas of Mainland, Yell and Unst; not recorded from islands except Foula, Fair Isle and Muckle Roe but probably there.

H. myosotis (Fr.:Fr.) M. Lange.
Very common in peaty, marshy areas in heathland on Mainland, Yell and Unst. As yet only recorded for Fetlar, Foula and Hascosay, but probably overlooked elsewhere on islands.

Psilocybe coprophila
On dung, Foula.

P. graminicola (P. Orton) P. Orton
Grassy area, Kergord, Bousta, Sandness, Mainland, Foula and Huxter, Whalsay.

P. merdaria
On dungy soil, Foula and Muckle Roe. Also Fetlar and Mainland; BB.

P. semilanceata
Many records from throughout Shetland including Fair Isle, Fetlar, Foula, Hascosay, Whalsay, Mousa, etc. Records of it being used as a recreational drug by workers associated with the oil industry in early 1970s are available (Scott, in litt). Possibly causing illness in sheep (Collier, 1989).

P. subcoprophila (Britz.) Sacc.
On dung, Fair Isle and Foula.

Stropharia semiglobata
Very common throughout Shetland on various types of dung. Recorded for all major areas of Shetland including Bressay, Fetlar, Foula, Hascosay and Muckle Roe.

CORTINARIACEAE

Cortinarius acutostriatus Henry
With Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Muckle Roe and with Salix repens, Burravoe, Yell; with S. herbacea Ronas Hill, Mainland and Foula. Some effort has been made in the present survey to separate the various fulvous-capped members of Cortinarius subgen. Hydrocybe as outlined by Henry (1967). A collection from Foula with S. herbacea comes close except for smaller basidiospores 6-6.5 x 4.4-4.5um.

C. cinnamomeolutescens
In heathy grassland with Salix repens, Fair Isle, Foula and Unst, opposite Huney Is. Similar in many respects to C. cinnamomeobadius q.v.

C.favrei
In material from Foula submited for examination. Needs confirmation with better collections. This is C.alpinus s. Favre which differs from Bresadola's species in the smaller basidiospores.

C. aff. mucosus
With dwarf willows, Foula. Differs from the characteristic form in Scottish remnant pine forest by the cystidia resembling those of C. pseudosalor q.v. but lacking clamps.

C. pratensis (Bon & Gaugue) Hoiland
With Salix repens, Foula. A recently described member of subgen Dermocybe (Bon,1975) but recently collected in Central Scotland (Watling, 1984).

C. pseudosalor
In Arctostaphylos uva-ursi community, Muckle Roe. Also with Salix repens, Foula.

C. maxistriatulus Henry
With Salix repens, Foula. See notes with C. acutostriatulus. Defined by its cheilocystidia, clamp-connections, spores less than 10um long, and large size of basidiomes. These collections come close to C. obtusus Fr.

C. striatuloides Henry
With Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Muckle Roe. With salix repens Fair Isle, Foula and Out Skerries, with S. herbacea Rogafield, Mainland. See notes with C. acutostriatulus. Recognized by its lack of cheilocystidia, spores less than 10um long, clamp-connections and small size of basidiomes.

C. trivialis
With Salix repens, in large troop Fair Isle. Also with dwarf willows, Foula

Galerina calyptrata
On track-side amongst moss, Muckle Roe. Also in mosses Sandness Hill, Mainland and Foula.

G. hypnorum
Common and widespread in mossy cushions in various communities even in the hills. Recorded for all major areas of Shetland including Foula and Out Skerries.

G. mniophila
In grassland, two localities on Foula.

G. paludosa
Very common in heathy pastures throughout Shetland from early June.

G. praticola
Very common in heathy pastures throughout Shetland

G. pseudomniophila Kiihner
In heathy area, Voxter, and Skelberry, Mainland, Fair Isle and Foula.

G. sphagnorum
In Sphagnum Yell; Dennis and Gray (1954). Also collected on Foula, Unst and at Voxter, Mainland.

G. stordalii Smith & Singer
On peaty, grassy slopes, East Burra and Foula. Not recognized in Britain previously.

G. terrestris Wells & Kempton
On peaty soil amongst grass, Foula and Unst, also in fixed sand-dune grassland, Quendale, Mainland. Not recognized in Britain before, but probably overlooked.

G. tibiicystis
In Sphagnum, Fetlar, Foula, Hermaness, Unst and several Mainland localities.

G. ?unicolor s. Gulden
Papa Stour, Foula, sent in for identification and one immature collection, differs from G. moelleri (=G. pseudopumila) in the smaller, narrower spores.

G. vittaeformis
Common in Shetland throughout the major areas including Fetlar, Foula, Out Skerries, etc.

G. fulgens
On peaty soil in windswept Calluna Foula and Skaw, Whalsay. Not infrequent on peat in heathy areas in upland communities. Another Gymnopilus which might key out here has also been found on Foula.

Hebeloma fragilipes Romagn.
With Salix repens, Unst opposite Huney Is., Foula and Trondra.

H. leucosarx
Two possible collections from Foula (RJT & J. Gear). With Salix repens Out Skerries.

Inocybe ovatocystis Boursier & Kuhner.
With Salix herbacea, Foula. Generally considered a synonym of I. Lanuginose (Bull Fr.) Kummer but because of confusion and the agreement with Bousieur' & Kiihner's description (1928) placement is made here.

Phaeogalera stagninoides (P. Orton) Pegler & Young
On mossy peaty soil, Foula, West Burra and Yell. Only recently separated in Naucoria from P. stagnina by Orton (1960) based on material from Mid Yell.

RUSSULACEAE

Lactarius lacunarum
With Salix repens Bressay, Mousa, Papa Stour, Foula, Out Skerries and several areas on Mainland e.g. Gletness. A similar taxon was found with S. herbacea on Midfield, Mainland, Fair Isle and Foula.

L. lanceolatus Miller & Laursen
With Salix herbacea, Foula. Not previously recorded for Britain.

Russula alpina
With Salix herbacea Midfield, Mainland, Fair Isle and Foula. With S. repens Out Skerries. Several collections with S. repens ranging from Burravoe to Midfield and Fetlar, Bressay and Foula agree with R. nana-nigrescens Peck

R. chamiteae Kuhner
With Salix repens Foula, Out Skerries and Burravoe, Yell. Only recently described but apparently not uncommon in arctic-alpine communities. These are the first British records.

R.fragilis
With Salix repens Bressay, Fair Isle, Fetlar, Foula and Out Skerries. Also recorded from Burravoe, Yell and Bousta and Milburn Geo, Mainland.

R. nigricans
With Salix repens Foula and Gletness, Mainland, in the former in hundreds of basidiomes.

R. pascua (Moeller & Schaeffer) Kiihner
Common wherever Salix repens is found in Shetland both on Mainland and Yell and on Bressay, Fetlar, Fair Isle, Foula and Unst.

CLAVARIACEAE

Clavaria argillacea Pers.: Fr.
Bastapark and Bouster, Yell, in peat cuttings especially along newly prepared roads. In peaty area with Sphagnum, Fetlar and Foula (var. sphagnicola (Boud.) Corner).

C. fusiformis (Fr.) Comer
In grassland areas throughout the archipelago from Foula in west to Out Skerries in east.

C. helvola (Fr.) Corner
Widespread in grasslands; recorded for all major areas of Shetland.

CONIOPHORACEAE

Coniophora arida (Fr.) Karsten
On old wood, Foula.

CORTICIACEAE

Athelia epiphylla Pers.
On old timbers outside derelict croft, Camb, Yell. A member of the complex approaching A. decipiens (Holn & Litsch) J Erikss. is recorded on wood from Foula.

Cerocorticium confluens (Fr.:Fr.) Jiilich & Stalpers
On fallen wood and Betula Kergord, Mainland; on Salix, Otterswick, Yell. Records from East Burra and Foula have been made.

Galzinia incrustans (HOhnel & Litsch.) Parm.
On old wood, Foula.

Hyphoderma pallidum (Bres.) Donk
On old ship's timber and old wood, Foula.

H. praetermissum (Karsten) J. Erikss. & Strid
On Salix, Otterswick, Yell; on old wood, Foula and Papa Stour, Kergord and Voxter (as Conicium tenue).

POLYPORACEAE

Physisporinus sanguinolentus (Alb. & Schein.: ex Fr.) Pilat
On Sambucus Camb, Yell; on old wood, Foula.

LYCOPERDACEAE

Bovista nigrescens
Very common and widespread in pastures throughout archipelago including Foula and Fair Isle and Out Skerries.

Lycoperdon foetidum
In rough and hill pasture and by road sides in all areas of Shetland except as yet Out Skerries.

Vascellum pretense
Very common and widespread in pastures throughout archipelago including Foula and Fair Isle, but as yet not Out Skerries.

DACRYMYCETACEAE

Dacrymyces stillatus
On branches of Larix and Salix, Kergord plantation, Mainland. On Sambucus throughout Mainland, Unst and Yell and worked wood everywhere including East Burra, Papa Stour, Fair Isle and Foula.

USTILAGINACEAE

Ustilago segetum var. avenae
On Avena sativa Mainland and Foula; Dennis & Gray (1954); see also Foister, (1961). This is the "Loose smut of Oats".

U. segetum var. segetum
On Hordeum vulgare, Mainland and Foula; on Avena sativa Mainland and on A. strigosa Out Skerries and Foula. See Dennis & Gray (1954) and Foister (1961). This is the "Covered smut of Barley and Oats".

HUMARIACEAE

Aleuria aurantia
Burn of Arisdale, W Yell and Gutcher in disturbed area. Also recorded from Fair Isle and Foula.

Cheilymenia raripila
On rabbit pellets, Fair Isle; RWGD. On cow dung, Gott & Hillswick, Mainland, Kirk Loch, Yell, Fetlar and Foula.

Coprobia granulata
Very common in Britain including Shetland on cow dung. From all major areas of the archipelago including Foula and noted on sheep droppings from Hascosay.

Tricharina gilva
On peat-cut, ascending Brustins, Foula.

PEZIZACEAE

Peziza cerea
Probably on old plaster out-house of farmstead, Foula.

THELEBOLACEAE

Thelebolus nanus
On both sheep and rabbit droppings from all major areas of Shetland including Foula but because of its size is easily overlooked.

DERMATEACEAE

Mollisia cinerea
On a whole range of worked and unworked woody substrate, both angiosperms and gymnosperms including ships timbers, Foula; areas of Shetland. Also recorded on Calluna from Unst, Dennis & Gray (1954).

HYALOSCYPHACEA.E

Dasyscyphus apalus
At base of Juncus culms, on damp stems. Widespread throughout main areas of Shetland including islands.

Hyaloscypha stevensonii
On branches of Pinus, Kergord plantation, Mainland; RWGD. Restricted in distribution because of substrate availability but found on old wood in noosts, Foula.

RHYTISMATACEAE

Rhytisma salicinum
On living leaves of Salix herbacea, Northmavine, Mainland; BB. On S. repens at all its major sites in Shetland and on many isolated plants.

HYPOCREACEAE

Nectria cinnabarina
On Acer pseudoplatanus, Ulmus and Sambucus from all major areas of Shetland including Foula but all records as anamorphic state (Tubercularia vulgaris - Coral spot fungus). On Ribes rubrum, Unst, Dennis & Gray (1954).

LASIOSPHAERIACEAE

Shaetomium vesticola
On sheep droppings, Foula, Fair Isle and Rogafield, Mainland; on rabbit pellets from Fetlar and many areas of Mainland and Yell. Probably better known as Podospora vesticola or Sordaria minuta (Fuckel) Kuntze.

SORDARIACEAE

Sordaria humana
On rabbit dung from Foula and West Sandwick, Yell incubated in damp chamber.

HYPHALES

'Hyphomycetes'

Aspergillus niger v. Tieghem
Isolated from 'Air Spora', Foula

Chrysosporium pannosum (Link) S. Hughes
Isolated from 'Air Spora', Foula. Common soil fungus, frequently referred to as Geomyces terrestris Traaen

C. cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries
On fading leaves of Cucumeris in greenhouse, Lusetter, Yell. A very common cosmopolitan colonizer of old plant-tissue, textiles etc and isolated from 'Air Spora', East Burra, Foula and Yell.

C. elatum (Harz) Nannf.
Isolated from 'Air Spora', Foula

Fusarium aquaeductuum Lagerh.
On Russula pascua, Foula; not cultured.

Malbranchea sp.
Isolated from 'Air Spora', Foula

Ramularia didyma Unger
On Ranunculus acris, Foula

Stilbella erythrocephala (Ditmar) Lindau
On sheep and rabbit droppings, Mainland, Foula, Noss and Yell; on ?animal faeces in tree, South Nesting, Mainland.

Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
On rabbit dung, Foula

Trichoderma harzianum Rifai
On Larix and Sorbus twigs, Kergord, Mainland, and rabbit droppings, Kirk Loch, Yell. Also on ship's timbers, Foula. Not cultured and taxon taken in wide sense; very common soil-fungus.

SPHAEROPSIDALES

Sphaerellopsis fllum (Biv.-Bern.) B. Sutton
On Puccinia recondita, on Holcus, Whalsay, on P. obscura, on Luzula sylvatica; probably widespread. Probably found on other rusts in Shetland and undoubtedly overlooked. Commonly recorded as Darluca. On Poa pratensis and Cyno-surus cristaius, Unst, as Ascochyta graminicola in Dennis & Gray (1954), probably associated with fungal colonization. Anamorphic state of Eudarluca caricis associated with micro-conidial state on Puccinia obscura, Foula (Wat. 21254 in E).

PILOBOLACEAE

Pilobolus kleinii v. Tieghem
On cattle dung, Unst; Dennis and Gray (1954). Also on pony dung Mousa, (RWGD), Foula and Whalsay.

PYTHIACEAE

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary
On Solarium tuberosum, Mainland and Unst, Skerries, Fair Isle and Foula; Dennis & Gray (1954).

PERONOSPORACEAE

Plasmopora nivea (Unger) Schroeter
On Angelica sylvestris, Foula (=P. angelicae (Casp.) Trott.).

PLASMODIOPHORALES

Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin
On brassicas (cabbage, swede and turnip), Mainland, Fair Isle, and Foula; Dennis & Gray (1954). Causes the very common and widespread disease 'club root' or Finger-and-toe.

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Of Roy Watling's Shetland total of 984 fungi 157 have been recorded in Foula. Twenty four of these fungi are associated with Foula's two native trees - the Creeping Willow (Salix repens) and/or the Dwarf Willow (Salix herbacea). The Creeping Willow grows in the croft of Grisigarth and the Dwarf Willow (an alpine/arctic tree) high up on the Sneug.

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