Bird Studies Bibliography

Bearhop, Stuart, Richard Griffiths, Kate Orr, and Robert W. Furness. 1999. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as a measure of condition in birds. Ecology Letters, (1999) 2: 352-356.

Bearhop, S., R. Griffiths, K. Orr and R. W. Furness. 1999. The Normal Haematology of Great Skuas (Catharacta skua) in the Wild. COMPARATIVE HAEMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (1999) 9:107–109.

Bearhop, Stuart, Mark A. Teece, Susan Waldron and Robert W. Furness. 2000. Influence of Lipid and Uric Acid on 13C and 15N Values of Avian Blood: Implications for Trophic Studies The Auk 117(2): 504–507, 2000.

Bearhop, S., Phillips, R.A., Thompson, D.R., Waldron, S. & Furness, R.W. 2000. Variability in mercury concentrations of great skuas Catharacta skua: the influence of colony, diet and trophic status inferred from stable isotope signatures. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 195, 261-268.

Bearhop, S., Ruxton, G.D. & Furness, R.W. 2000. Dynamics of mercury in the blood and feathers of great skuas. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 19, 1638-1643.

Bearhop, Stuart, Susan Waldron, David Thompson and Robert Furness. 2000. Bioamplification of Mercury in Great Skua Catharacta skua Chicks: the Influence of Trophic Status as Determined by Stable Isotope Signatures of Blood and Feathers. Marine Pollution Bulletin Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 181-185, 2000.

Bearhop, S., Phillips, R.A., Thompson, D.R., Waldron, S. and Furness, R.W. 2000. Mercury dynamics in great skuas Catharacta skua in relation to colony, diet and trophic status inferred from stable isotope signatures. Marine Ecology Progress Series 195, 261-268.

Bearhop, Stuart, David R. Thompson, Richard A. Phillips, Susan Waldron, Keith C. Hamer, Catherine M. Gray, Stephen C. Votier, Ben P. Ross and Robert W. Furness. 2001. Annual variation in great skua diets: the importance of commercial fisheries and predation on seabirds revealed by combining dietary analyses. Condor 103, 802–809 (2001).

Burg, T. M., J. Lomax, R. Almond, M. de L. Brooke and W. Amos. 2003. Unravelling dispersal patterns in an expanding population of a highly mobile seabird, the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). Proc Biol Sci. 2003 May 7; 270(1518): 979-84.

Caldow, R.W.G. & Furness, R.W. 1991. The relationship between kleptoparasitism and plumage polymorphism in the Arctic skua Stercorarius parasiticus. Functional Ecology 5, 331-339.

Caldow, R.W.G. & Furness, R.W. 2000. The effect of food availability on the foraging behaviour of breeding great skuas Catharacta skua and Arctic skuas Stercorarius parasiticus. J. Avian Biol. 31, 367-375.

Caldow, R. W. G. and R. W. Furness. 2001. Does Holling’s disc equation explain the functional response of a kleptoparasite? Journal of Animal Ecology 2001 70, 650 – 662. British Ecological Society. Blackwell Science, Ltd.

Catry, P. & Furness, R.W. 1997. Egg volume and within-clutch asymmetry in great skuas: are they related to adult quality. Colon. Waterbirds, 20, 399±405.

Catry, P. and R. W. Furness. 1997. Territorial intrusions and copulation behaviour in the great skua, Catharacta skua. Anim Behav. 1997 Nov; 54(5): 1265-72.

Catry, P., N. Ratcliffe and R. W. Furness. 1997. Partnerships and mechanisms of divorce in the great skua. Anim Behav. 1997 Dec; 54(6): 1475-1482.

Catry, Paulo, Richard A. Phillips, Keith C. Hamer, Norman Ratcliffe and Robert W. Furness. 1998. THE INCIDENCE OF NONBREEDING BY ADULT GREAT SKUAS AND PARASITIC JAEGERS FROM FOULA, SHETLAND Condor. 100(3): 448-455, 1998 Aug.

Catry, P., Ratcliffe, N. & Furness, R.W. 1998. The influence of hatching date on different life-history stages of great skuas. Anim. Behav., 54, 1265-1272.

Catry, P., N. Ratcliffe, & R. W. Furness. 1998. The influence of hatching date on different life-history stages of Great Skua Catharacta skua. J. Avian Biol. 29: 299--304.

Catry, Paulo, Richard A. Phillips and Robert W. Furness. 1999. Evolution of reversed sexual size dimorphism in skuas and jaegers. The Auk 116(1): 158-168, 1999.

Catry, P., Ruxton, G.D., Ratcliffe, N., Hamer, K.C. & Furness, R.W. 1999. Short-lived repeatabilities in long-lived great skuas: implications for the study of individual quality. Oikos 84: 473-479.

Catry, P. & Furness, R.W. 1999. The influence of adult age on territorial attendance by breeding Great Skuas Catharacta skua: an experimental study. J. Avian Biol. 30, 399-406.

Charlton, E. Journal of an expedition to Shetland in 1834. MS. National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh and also in Old Lore Miscellany, 10 (1933-46), 55-71.

Clarke, W. E. 1892. Report on the Great Skua (Stercorarius catarrhactes, Linnaeus) in Shetland during the season of 1891. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. (1892) : 87-92.

Clarke, W. E. 1894. The persecution of the Great Skua Stercorarius catarrhactes. Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. (1894) : 8-12.

Davis, J. W. and P. O'Donald. 1976. Estimation of assortative mating preferences in the Arctic skua. Heredity. 1976 Apr; 36(2):235-44.

Davis, Sarah E., Ruedi G. Nager and Robert W. Furness. 2004. FOOD AVAILABILITY AFFECTS ADULT SURVIVAL AS WELL AS BREEDING SUCCESS OF PARASITIC JAEGERS. Ecology: Vol. 86, No. 4, pp. 1047–1056.

Drosier, Richard. Account of an ornithological visit to the islands of Shetland and Orkney in the summer of 1828. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1830, 321-326; 1831, 193-199.

Evans, A. H. & Buckley, T. E. 1899. A Fauna of the Shetland Isles.

Ewins, P. J. 1983. BOOK REVIEW: The Birds of Foula. R.W. Furness. Shetland Bird Club Newsletter 46: 6.

Ewins, P. J., Wynde, R. M. & Richardson, M. G. 1986. The 1986 census of Arctic and Great Skuas on Foula, Shetland. Unpubl. Report to NCC.

Fabritius, H.E. 1969. NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF FOULA. ARDEA, 57:158-162.

Foerster, Steffen. 1999. Ecology and Behavior of the Skua (Stercorarius skua) on Foula, Shetland Islands. University of Jena, Germany.

Furness, Bridget. The effects of Great Skua predation on the breeding biology of the Kittiwake on Foula, Shetland. Scottish Birds: 10. 289-296.

Furness, B. L. Territoriality and feeding behaviour in the Arctic Skua (Stercorarius parasiticus (L.)). Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen.

Furness, B. L. Feeding strategies of the Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus at Foula, Shetland, Scotland. Pp.89-98 in Cooper, J. (ed) Proc. Symp. Birds of the Sea and Shore, 1979. Cape Town, African Seabird Group.

Furness, Bridget L. and Robert W. Furness. 1980. APOSTATIC SELECTION AND KLEPTOPARASITISM IN THE PARASITIC JAEGER. A COMMENT The Auk 97: 832-436.

Furness, R. W. & others. 1971-2. Field Studies on Foula (F.S.No 21 ). 86 pages. Brathay Exploration Group.

Furness, R. W. 1973. Ecology of the Great Skua in Foula (F.S.No 25 1974). 31 pages. 40p. Brathay Exploration Group.

Furness, R. W. 1977. Effects of Great Skuas on Arctic Skuas in Shetland. Brit. Birds 70: 96-107.

Furness, R. W. 1977. Great Skuas as predators of mammals. Scott. Birds 9 : 319-321.

Furness, R. W. 1977. Studies on the breeding biology and population dynamics of the Great Skua Catharacta skua Brunn. University of Durham. Ph.D. dissertation.

Furness, R. W. 1977-79. Ornithological Studies on Foula (F.S.No 35 ). 50 pages. £1.50. Brathay Exploration Group.

Furness, R. W. 1978. Kleptoparasitism by Great Skuas (Catharacta skua Brunn.) and Arctic Skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus L.) at a Shetland seabird colony. Anim. Behav. 26 : 1167-1177.

Furness, R. W. 1978. Movements and mortality rates of Great Skuas ringed in Scotland. Bird Study 25 : 229-238.

Furness, R. W. 1978. Energy requirements of seabird communities: A bioenergetics model. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc. 47:39-53.

Furness, R. W. 1978. Shetland seabird communities: The possible impact of new fishing techniques. Ibis. 120:108-109.

Furness, R. W. 1979. Foods of Great Skuas at North Atlantic breeding localities. Ibis 121 : 86-92.

Furness, R. W. & Hutton, M. 1979. Pollutant levels in the Great Skua. Environ. Pollut. 19 : 261-268.

Furness, R. W. & Hutton, M. 1980. Pollutants and impaired breeding success of Great Skuas Catharacta skua in Britain. Ibis 122 : 88-94.

Furness, R. W. Colonization of Foula by Gannets. Scottish Birds: 11. 211-213.

Furness, R.W. 1981. Seabird populations on Foula. Scottish Birds 11(8): 237-253.

Furness, R.W. 1981. The impact of predation by Great Skuas Catharacta skua on other seabird populations at a Shetland colony. Ibis. 123:534-539.

Furness, R. W., Monaghan, P & Shedden, C. B. 1981. Exploitation of a new food source by the Great Skua in Shetland. Bird Study 28 : 49-52.

Furness, R.W., and J.R.G. Hislop. 1981. Diets and feeding ecology of Great Skuas Catharacta skua during the breeding season in Shetland. Journal of Zoology, London. 195:1-23.

Furness, R.W. 1982. Competition between fisheries and seabird communities. Adv. Mar. Biol. 20:225-307.

Furness, R.W. 1982. Population, breeding biology and diets of seabirds on Foula in 1980. Seabird Report. 6: 5-12.

Furness, R. W. 1982 Methods used to census skua colonies. Seabird 6 : 44-47.

Furness, R.W., 1983. Foula, Shetland volume 4: The Birds of Foula. 146 p., num. figs & tabs, spiralbound; VO11956. Brathay Hall Trust.

Furness, R.W. 1983. Variations in size and growth of Great skua, Catharacta Skua chicks in relation to adult age and hatching date, egg, volume, brood size and hatching sequence. J. Zool. London, 199, 101-116.

Furness, R. W. 1984. Influences of adult age and experience, nest location, clutch size and laying sequence on the breeding success of the Great Skua Catharacta skua. J. Zool., LOND. 202 : 565-576.

Furness, R. W. 1984. Seabird-fisheries relationships in the north east Atlantic and North Sea. In: Nettleship, D. N., Sanger, G. A., Springer, P. F., eds. Marine Birds: Their feeding ecology and commercial fisheries relationships. Proceedings of the Pacific seabird group symposium, Seattle, Washington, January 1982. Ministry of Supply and Services, Canada. 162-169.

Furness, R.W., and T.R. Birkhead. 1984. Seabird colony distributions suggest competition for food supplies during the breeding season. Nature. 311:655-656.

Furness, R. W. and C. M. Todd. 1984. Diets and feeding of Fulmars Fulmarus glacialis during the breeding seasons: a comparison between St Kilda and Shetland colonies. Ibis 126:379-387.

Furness, R. W. 1986. The conservation of Actic and Great Skuas and their impact on agriculture. Unpubl. report to NCC.

Furness, R.W. 1987. The Skuas, T & A.D. Poyser, Calton. ISBN 0-85661-046-1.

Furness, R.W. 1989. Changes in the diet and breeding ecology of seabirds at Foula, 1971-88. In: In Heubeck, M. ed. Proceedings of the seminar on seabirds and sandeels: 1988 Oct 15-16; Lerwick, Shetland, United Kingdom. Shetland Bird Club.

Furness, R.W. 1990. A preliminary assessment of the quantities of Shetland sandeels taken by seabirds, seals, predatory fish and the industrial fishery in 1981-83. Ibis. 132: 205-217.

Furness, R. W. 1992. Why do Foula Great Skuas not behave optimally? The Seabird Group Newsletter 63:2-4.

Furness, R. W., K. Ensor and A.V. Hudson. 1992. THE USE OF FISHERY WASTE BY GULL POPULATIONS AROUND THE BRITISH ISLES. Ardea 80 (1) 105-113.

Furness, R. W. 1993. Birds as monitors of pollutants. In Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change, eds R. W. Furness, and J. J. D. Greenwood, pp. 86-143. Chapman & Hall, London.

Furness, R. W. 1993. Skuas in Shetland. Natural Environment Research Council News. 27: 6-7.

Furness, Robert W. and David M. Bryant. 1996. Effect of wind on field metabolic rates of breeding Northern Fulmars. Ecology, June, 1996.

Furness, R.W. 1997. The impact of predation by Great Skuas on other seabird species, with particular reference to special protection areas in Shetland. Report to Scottish Natural Heritage. 99pp.

Furness, R. W. 1997 Seabird studies on Foula. Seabird Group Newsletter 78:11-12.

Furness, R. W. and C. J. Camphuysen. 1997. Seabirds as monitors of the marine environment. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54: 726-737.

Furness, R. W., N. I. Klomp, N. Ratcliffe. 1998. INFLUENCES OF BREEDING EXPERIENCE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE OF GREAT SKUAS CATHARACTA-SKUA JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY 29 (3) 293-298.

Furness, R.W. 2002. Arctic skua. Pp.xx-xx In Wernham, C.V., Toms, M.P., Marchant, J.H., Clark, J.A., Siriwardena, G.M. and Baillie, S.R. The Migration Atlas: Movements of the Birds of Britain and Ireland. T. & A.D. Poyser, London.

Furness, R.W. 2002. Great skua. Pp.xx-xx In Wernham, C.V., Toms, M.P., Marchant, J.H., Clark, J.A., Siriwardena, G.M. and Baillie, S.R. The Migration Atlas: Movements of the Birds of Britain and Ireland. T. & A.D. Poyser, London.

Hamer, K. C., Furness, R. W. & Caldow, R. W. G. 1991. The effects of changes in food availability on the breeding ecology of great skuas Catharacta skua in Shetland. J. Zool. London. 223, 175–188 (1991).

Hamer, K. C. & Furness, R. W. 1991. Age specific breeding performance and reproductive effort in Great Skuas Cathartica skua. J. Anim. Ecol. 60, 693-704.

Hamer, K.C. & Furness, R.W. 1993. Brood defence by male and female great skuas Catharacta skua: the influence of food supply, laying date, clutch size and body condition. J. Zool., Lond., 230, 7-18.

Hamer, K. C., D. R. Thompson and C. M. Gray. 1997. Spatial variation in the feeding ecology, foraging ranges, and breeding energetics of northern fulmars in the north-east Atlantic Ocean. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 54: 645-653.

Harvie-Brown, J. A. 1890. The Great Skua on Foula. Zoologist (1890) : 434-435.

Heubeck, M., Mellor, R. M., Harvey, P. V., Mainwood, A. R. & Riddington, R. 1999. Estimating the population size and rate of decline in kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding in Shetland 1981–97. Bird Study 46, 48–61 (1999).

Hewitson, W. C. 1831. British Oology, being illustrations of the eggs of British birds. William Hewitson spent four days in Foula c.1830. Charles Empson , Newcastle upon Tyne , 1831.

Hilton, Geoff M., Robert W. Furness and David C. Houston. 2000. A comparative study of digestion in North Atlantic seabirds. Journal of Avian Biology. Volume 31 Issue 1 Page 36.

Hilton, G. M., D. C. Houston & R. W. Furness. 1998. Which components of diet quality affect retention time of digesta in seabirds? Functional Ecology. Volume 12 Issue 6 Page 929 - December 1998.

Jackson, E. E. The Birds of Foula. Scottish Birds: 4. 1-56. Brathay Exploration Group.

Jackson, E. E. 1961. Foula Ornithological Report. 14 pages. Brathay Exploration Group.

Jackson, E. E. 1963. Foula Ornithological Report. 20 pages. Brathay Exploration Group.

Janssen et al 2006. Offspring sex ratio allocation in the parasitic jaeger: selection for pale females... Behav. Ecol. 2006; 17: 236-245.

Kalmbach, Ellen, Richard Griffiths & Robert W. Furness. 2000. Sex allocation in a seabird with reversed size dimorphism. 7^th Seabird Group Conference.

Kalmbach, Ellen, Ruedi G. Nager, Richard Griffiths, Robert W. Furness. 2001. Increased reproductive effort results in male-biased offspring sex ratio: an experimental study in a species with reversed sexual size dimorphism. Biological Sciences. Volume 268, Number 1481 / October 22, 2001 Pages: 2175 – 2179.

Kalmbach, E. 2002. Reproductive effort and sex-specific offspring performance in the Great Skua (Catharacta skua). Dissertation. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Kalmbach, Ellen, Richard Griffiths; Jonathan E. Crane; Robert W. Furness. 2004. Effects of experimentally increased egg production on female body condition and laying dates in the great skua Stercorarius skua. Journal of Avian Biology November 2004, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 501-514(14).

Kalmbach, Ellen, Robert W. Furness and Richard Griffiths. 2005. Sex-biased environmental sensitivity: natural and experimental evidence from a bird species with larger females. Behavioral Ecology 2005 16(2): 442-449.

Klomp, N. I. & Furness, R.W. 1989. The Seabirds of Foula, Shetland Islands. Applied Ornithology Unit (University of Glasgow) publication.

Klomp, N. I. & Furness, R.W. 1990. Variations in numbers of nonbreeding Great Skuas attending a colony. Ornis Scandinavica 21, 4: 270-276.

Klomp, N. I. & Furness, R.W. 1990. The diets and numbers of nonbreeding Great Skuas - a comparison among colonies. Report to the Nature Conservancy Council, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, and the Seabird Group. 143 pp.

Klomp, N. I. & Furness, R.W. 1991. Recruitment in long-lived birds: studies of nonbreeding Great Skuas. Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici: 1678-1688.

Klomp, N.I., and R.W. Furness. 1992. Non-breeders as a buffer against environmental stress: declines in numbers of Great Skuas on Foula, Shetland, and prediction of future recruitment. Journal of Applied Ecology. 29:341-348.

Klomp, N. I. and R. W. Furness. 1992. THE DISPERSAL AND PHILOPATRY OF GREAT SKUAS FROM FOULA, SHETLAND. Ringing and Migration; 13(2):73-82. 1992. WR 234.

Low, George. 1879. A tour through the islands of Orkney and Shetland containing hints relative to their ancient, modern and natural history collected in 1774. Kirkwall: William Peace & Son. 2^nd Edition: 1978. Melven Press, Inverness.

Mawby. 1969. Foula Ornithological Studies (F.S.Report No 9). 26 pages. Brathay Exploration Group.

Mawby. 1970. Ornithological Studies in Foula (F.S.Report No 14). 20 pages. Brathay Exploration Group.

Mawby. 1971. Ornithological Studies in Foula (F.S.Report No 18) (But marked 17). 26 pages. Brathay Exploration Group.

Mylne, C. K. The significance of Foula as a migration station. Scottish Birds: 4. 57-60.

O'Donald, P. 1976. Mating preferences and their genetic effects in models of sexual selection for colour phases of the Arctic Skua. Population genetics and ecology. 1976. p. 411-430 New York: Academic Press.

O’Donald, P. 1983. The Arctic Skua: The study of the ecology and evolution of a seabird. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Ojowski, U., Eidtmann, C., Furness, R., Garthe, S. 2001. Diet and nest attendance of incubating and chick-rearing northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) in Shetland. Marine Biology. Volume 139, Number 6. Date: December 2001. Pages: 1193 – 1200. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg.

Oro, Daniel and Robert W. Furness. 2002. INFLUENCES OF FOOD AVAILABILITY AND PREDATION ON SURVIVAL OF KITTIWAKES. Ecology: Vol. 83, No. 9, pp. 2516–2528.

Pennie, Dr I.D., 1948. Summer bird notes from Foula. Scottish Naturalist: 1948 157-163.

Perdeck, A. C. 1960. Observations on the reproductive behaviour of the Great Skua or Bonxie, Stercorarius skua skua (Brunn), in Shetland. Ardea 48 : 111-136.

Perdeck, A. C. 1963. The early reproductive behaviour of the Arctic Skua, Sterorarius parasiticus (L.) Ardea 51 : 1-15.

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Phillips, R. A. 1995. Population ecology of Arctic Skuas Stercorarius parasiticus on Foula. Dissertation. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Phillips, R.A., R.W. Furness and R.W.G. Caldow. 1996. Behavioural responses of arctic skuas Stercorarius parasiticus to changes in sandeel availability. In: Greenstreet, S.P.R.; Tasker, M.L., eds. Aquatic predators and their prey; Royal Society Of Edinburgh conference: 1994 Aug. Blackwell Scientific Publications: 4: 17-25.

Phillips, R.A., R. W.G. Caldow and R. W. Furness. 1996. The influence of food availability on the breeding effort and reproductive success of arctic skuas Stercorarius parasiticus. Ibis. 138(3): 410-419.

Phillips R. A., P. Catry, D. R. Thompson, K. C. Hamer, R. W. Furness. 1997. Inter-colony variation in diet and reproductive performance of great skuas Catharacta skua. Marine Ecological Progress Series (1-3): 285-293 (1997).

Phillips, R. A. and R. W. Furness. 1998. Polymorphism, Mating Preferences And Sexual Selection In The Arctic Skua. Journal of Zoology Volume 245, Issue 3 (pp 245 - 252).

Phillips, R.A., R. W. Furness and F. M. Stewart. 1998. The influence of territory density on the vulnerability of Arctic skuas Stercorarius parasiticus to predation. Biological Conservation 86, 21-31.

Phillips, R.A. & Furness, R.W. 1998. Repeatability of breeding parameters in Arctic Skuas. J. Avian. Biol., 29, 190-196.

Phillips, R.A. and R.W. Furness. 1998. Measurement of heritability of hatching date and chick condition in parasitic jaegers. Can. J. Zool./Rev. Can. Zool. 76(12): 2290-2294 (1998).

Phillips, R. A., M.K.Petersen, K Lilliendahl, J Solmundssen, K.C. Hamer, C. J. Camphuysen, B. Zonfrillo. 1999. Diet of the northern fulmar: reliance on commercial fisheries? Marine Biology (1999) 135: 159-170.

Phillips, Richard A., David R. Thompson and Keith C. Hamer. 1999. The impact of great skua predation on seabird populations at St Kilda: a bioenergetics model. Journal of Applied Ecology. Volume 36 Issue 2 Page 218 - April 1999.

Phillips, R.A., Bearhop, S., Hamer, K.C. and Thompson, D.R. 1999. Rapid population growth of great skuas at St Kilda: implications for management and conservation. Bird Study 46, 174-183.

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Ratcliffe, N. & Furness, R.W. 1999. The effect of parental age and experimentally-manipulated brood size on the foraging effort and breeding performance of great skuas Catharacta skua. J. Zool, Lond. 249, 195-201.

Ratcliffe, Norman, Paulo Catry, Keith C. Hamer, Nicholas I. Klomp & Robert W. Furness. 2002. The effect of age and year on the survival of breeding adult Great Skuas Catharacta skua in Shetland. Ibis. Volume 144 Issue 3 Page 384 - July 2002.

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Stewart, F. M., Phillips, R. A., Catry, P. and Furness, R. W. 1997. Influence of species age and diet on mercury concentrations in Shetland seabirds. Marine Ecological Progress Series 151, 237-244.

Stewart, F. M. and R. W. Furness 1998. The Influence of Age on Cadmium Concentrations in Seabirds. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 50 (2): 159-171, April 1998.

Thompson, D. R., Hamer, K. C. and Furness, R. W. 1991. Mercury accumulation in great skuas Catharacta skua of known age and sex and its effects upon breeding and survival. Journal of Applied Ecology 28, 672-684.

Thompson, D. R., R. W. Furness and R. T. Barrett. 1992 Mercury concentrations in seabirds from colonies in the northeast Atlantic. Archives of Environmental and Contamination and Toxicology. 1992 Oct; 23(3): 383-389.

Thompson, D. R., S. Bearhop, J. R. Speakman and R. W. Furness. 1998. Feathers as a means of monitoring mercury in seabirds: Insights from stable isotope analysis. Environ Pollut. 1998; 101(2): 193-200.

Thompson, David R. and Keith C. Hamer. 2000. Stress in seabirds: causes, consequences and diagnostic value. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery. 7 (1): 91-109, March 2000.

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Thomson, A. L. 1966. An analysis of recoveries of Great Skuas ringed in Shetland. Brit. Birds 59: 1-15.

Thomson D.L., Furness R.W. & Monaghan P. 1998. Field metabolic rates of Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla during incubation and chick rearing. ARDEA 86 (2): 169-175.

Traill, A. L. 1890. The Great Skua on Foula. Zoologist (1890) : 434.

Tudor, J. R. 1883. The Orkneys and Shetland: their past and present state. W. M. Peace and Son. Kirkwall.

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Vetch, Captain James. 1822. Account of the island of Foula. Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. 4, 237-252.

Votier, Steve C., Norman Ratcliffe and Robert W. Furness. 2000. Impact of great skua Catharacta skua on other seabird populations in Shetland. 7th Seabird Group Conference 2000.

Votier S.C., Bearhop S., Ratcliffe N., Furness R.W. 2001. Pellets as indicators of diet in Great Skuas Catharacta skua. Bird Study, Volume 48, Number 3, 1 November 2001, pp. 373-376(4). British Trust for Ornithology.

Votier, Stephen C., Robert W. Furness, Stuart Bearhop, Jonathan E. Crane, Richard W. G. Caldow, Paulo Catry, Kenny Ensor, Keith C. Hamer, Anne V. Hudson, Ellen Kalmbach, Nicholas I. Klomp, Simone Pfeiffer, Richard A. Phillips, Isabel Prieto & David R. Thompson. 2004. Changes in fisheries discard rates and seabird communities. Nature Volume 427 19 February 2004.

Votier, Stephen C., Stuart Bearhop, Norman Ratcliffe and Robert W. Furness, 2004. REPRODUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR GREAT SKUAS SPECIALIZING AS SEABIRD PREDATORS The Condor. Volume: 106 Issue: 2. Pages: 275-287.

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